Mechanism for electrically transmitting and reproducing images.



G. E. HOGLUND. MECHANISM FOR ELEOTRIGALLY TRANSMITTING AND REPRODUGING IMAGES. APPLICATION FILED APB..18. 1910.

1,030,240. Patented June 18,1912.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

&

Egg 5/ lalllmll I a; a

177597275 GuWEf/ojylzuzd- G. E. HOGLUND. MECHANISM FOR ELEGTRICALLY TRANSMITTING AND BEPRODUCING IMAGES.

APPLICATION FILED APR..1B. 1910. 1,030,240. Patented June 18, 1912.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

G. E. HOGLUND. A MECHANISM FOR ELBGTRIOALLY TRANSMITTING AND REPRODUGING IMAGES.

Patented June 18, 1912.

APPLICATION IILED APR.18, 1910.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

G. E. HOGLUND MECHANISM FOR BLEGTRIGALLY TRANSMITTING AND RBPRODUQING IMAGES.

1,030,240. APPLICATION FILED APR.18. 1910. Patented June 18,

5 SHEETS-SHEET 5.

NITED STATES PATEN F IC GO'STAV HOG-LUNID, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, ASSIGINOB OF ONE-HALF TO WILLIAM N.

SELIG, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

mncnamsm ron ELEc'rnIcALm 'rnansmrrme AND nnraonucme ingress.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed April 18, 1910. Serial No. 556,089.

To all whom itimay concern:

Be it known-that I, GUSTAV a citlzen oft-he United States, resid1ng at Chicago, in the county of Cook and State 'of Illinois, have invented certain new and of devices which employs mechanism for cutting up and dividing light rays emanating from an image and causing them to act upon a substance as' a selenium cell which is capable of changing its electrical resistance under light raysof different degrees of intensity, the effect on a current passing.

through such a substance being to convert the current from a steady and constant flow to a series of vibrations, which will vary in strength accordingl light rays afl'ect t e electrical resistance of the selenium cell. ,These vibrations are sent -over a line and act upon a luminous center at the other end thereof, which may bein the form of a speaking-arc, and cause a fluctuation in the brilliancy of said are, which will cause light rays to emanate therefrom,

said rays being of varying intensity, ac-

vtures of construction and combination of cording to 'the strength of the current. These light rays will follow each other in the same order and be of comparatively the same intensity as the light rays emanating from the object; hence, when the rays from the lamp are projected vonto the retina of the eye in rapid succession,

they will cause an image to be built upbefore the eye which will be composed of the varying light rays of the samestrength and in the same order as those emanating from the original image. This phenomenon is possible because ofthe existence of a substance known as a selenium cell, which possesses the faculty of varying its power of electrical resistance under the influence of light rays of varying intensity, and which is capable of acting on an electriccurrent.

passing therethrough, to convert it from a steady flow to a series of vibrations when the I cell is acted upon bylight rays of different degrees of intensity, and because of the persistence of vision of the retina of the eye, which enables animpression of an image to appear to the observer for a length of time after the image has in fact disappeared.

E. HoGLUNp,

to the way the various ation has been disclosed in the patent to Sellers, No; 939,338, issued November 9, 1909; but 'I claim that there are certain mechanisms and principles ofoperation involved in my invention which are not disclosed in the Sellers patent above referred to, and these I claim as'new and novel.

The objectsof the present invention are, to construct a mechanlsm for accomplishing the above described result, which will be v PatentedJune18,191 2.

I am aware that this principle of opercheap and simple of construction, and which will notnecessitate any involved electrical circuits or complicated mechanism; to arrange the mechanism whereby an image may be transmitted from each end of a line and reproduced at the other end; to use a lamp as a reproducing instrument, which will be acted upon directly by the current to cause a fluctuation in the intensity of light rays emanating therefrom, to build up the image before the eye; andto construct a peculiar form of shutter for cutting the rays emanating' from the image to allow them to project successively on theselenium cell, and to cut up the rays emanating from the lamp to .allow them to pass through the shutter in successive order. I

The invention'further consists in the feaparts hereinafter described and claimed.

formof this invention, covering the arrangement whereby an mage may be transmitted from either end of the l ne and reproduced at the other end,it isobvious-that this is a mere duplication of the arrangement for transmittin end of the line to tlie'other, and desire, therefore, to have it understood that the principle of operation and the parts for carrying'out the same are equally applicable ineither case, and that my invention is not necessarily limited to either specific form.

In the drawings, Figure 1. is a diagrammatic view, showing the mechanism and circuit for transmitting an image from one end of the line to the other; Fig. 2, a diagrammatic view, showing the mechanism and cir Quit for-transmitting an image from each end of the line and reproducing it'at the other, and also shows the mechanism used in conjunction with telephone receivers and transmitters; 'Fig. 3, a detail showing a front view of one form of shutterof the an image from one present invention; Fig. 4, a rear view showmg the shutters. of Fig. 3 in one position;

Fig. 5, a rear view showing the shutters of Fig. 3 in another position; Fig. 6, a sectional detail, showing gearing for operating the shutters of Fig. 3; Fig. 7, a detail showing a modified construction of shutter; Fig. 8, an

enlarged detail, showing the mechanism atone end of the line for operating theshutter disclosed in Fig. .7 Fig. 9, an enlarged detail of the mechanism shownin Fig. 8; Figs.

' 10 and 11',- f ragmentary views showing the form of shutter disclosedin Fig. 7 in two different positions; and Fig.- 12, a diagram- 15 Jnatic view, showing the lines marked across the surface of an image by the movements of the shutter shown in Figs. 3, 4 and 5. 1

Referring to Fig. 1, located at one end of a line is a'mechanism 13, which may be termed the transmitting mechanism, and atthe other end of the line is mechanism 14,

which may be termed the receiving mechamsm. The transmitting mechanism comprises a reducing lens;15 and an enlarging lens 16, interposed between which is a shutter 17; and positioned in the focus of the enlarging lenses is a selenium cell 18.

I There are other equivalents for the selenium the speaking-arc, and .further comprises en- .larging lenses 20, between which may be incell known a). science. 'understoodthat I use the term selenium merely for brevity in description, as, ob-

viously, any of the other substances known It is, therefore,

terposed, if desired, a ground glass plate 21,

upon which the reproduction of the image may be viewed, or from which it may be projected onto a suitable screen; and 1n-' ter osed between the lenses 20 and the lamp the disk and are arranged in spira 19 1s a shutter 22. shutter 22 are alike in form and operation; therefore, a description of one of the shutters will answer for both of them. I

The form of the shutter 22, shown in Figs. 3, 4 and 5, comprises an outer disk 23 and an inner dlSk 24:- The outer disk 23, as shown, has-formed therein a plurality of slots or openings 25,- of equal length and width, which extend in a stepped lme outward from the center of the disk and are arranged in stepped formation from the outer edge of the disk toward. the center. The disk 24. comprises, as shown, a plurality of elongated arcuate slots 26, which extend parallel with the outer periphery of stepped formation from the outer edgeftoward the center of the disk and are all of equal width. When the disks are placedi-in operative position adjacent to one another as shown The shutter 17 and they in F ig. 1, there will be one of the openings 25-lying equidistant from the center of the disks with one of the openings '26; that is to say, theouter opening of the slots 25 is equidistant from the center of the disk with the opening 26 lying nearest to the outer periphery of the disk 24 and the next opening 25 is. equidistant from the center of. the diskwith the second opening 26. This arrangement is maintained throughout the entire series of openings.

The disks in use are rotated in opposite directions and at varying speeds with one another. outer disk and the inner dlsk is as the number of. openings is to one. That is to say,

if there arefive openings in the disks, as

shown in the drawings, the disk 23 will make five revolutions to each revolutionot the disk 24. The effect of this will be that while the disk 24 is revolving once past the field of vision of the object, the disk 23 will have made five revolutions, so that each of the openings 25 will have been brought into register wit-beach of the openings 25 while the latter opening is traversing the field of vision. As both of the shutters are moved at the same time, it is, of course, necessary that the slots 26 be of a somewhat greater length than the length of the field ofvision; otherwise the slots 26Qwould pass across the field before the openings 25 had entirely passed across, so that the light rays from some portion of the object would not be admitted through the opening produced by the The ratio of s eed' between the registering of the openings 25 with the openings 26. j

By referring to Fig. 12', the method of cutting up theimage will-be clearly seen.

Each of the curved lines 26 in this figure i represents the path of travel of one of the slots 26; and the spaces between the vertical lines 26 represent the differentpositions assumed by the openings 25 during their travel across the openings 26. That is to say, upon the initial movement of the shutter, the outer slot of the series of slots 26 will assume the position indicated by"the first two upper curved lines 26, shown in Fig. 12 and when the disk 23 moves so that the outer opening 25 is brought into register with the outer opening 26, the reflection from the image will be cut across transversely of the curved lines, thus cutting the light rays emanating from the upper edge of the image into a series of rays which will successively be allowed to project through the openings 25 and 26 and onto the selenium cell. This operation will be repeated ,by the various openings until the entire image the image cut up and allowed to project successively on the selenium cell. seen from the drawings, the openings are so arranged that it is impossible for more than has beentraversed and the reflections from As will be 7 of vision.

' paaeao one opening in each set of openings to be 1r register at a single time within the field openlngs are lying at an anglewith regard tothe radial lines of the disk. In this construction, the field of vision is narrowed byproper lenses until'it assumes an elongated shape similar to one of the openings; and the disks are revolved in opposite directions from one another and at the same speed, so that when the slots 28 in the disks come into register with one another, 'they will pass by and produce a small opening 29, through which the light rays will filter. By refer ring to Figs. 8, 10 and 11, where three different osltions of ,the shutter are shown, this principle of operation will be'clearly understood.

Referring to Fig. 1, the selenium cell 18 ,and the lamp 19 are connected by an electrical circuit'29, and the current to the lamp is preferably strengthened by means of a local circuit acting in conjunction with an induction coil 31. The shutters 22 and 17 are each actuated by motors 32, operated from a, su1table source of power 33. The motorsaaa may be of any suitable and well i known type of that class of motors known 23f and. 24.

as i synchronous. The motors 32 are at tached' to a driving shaft 34, which extends through-a housi-ng 35', which, as shown, is part of the within the the shaft 34, and of a ratio to The operation of the device shown in Fi 1 is as gfollows: The motors 32 :are st-arte v the motors are regulated that as the light rays emanating operating the shutters 17 and 22, and when so as to run in synchrony with one another, the shutters 17 and 22' will'be revolving synchronously, so I from the object to be transmitted are projected onto the selenium cell, the shutter'2 '2 will be in a position to permit the rays emanating from the lamp 19 to pass out through the shutter 1n the same order that they are passing in through the shutter 17. That is to say,

p "at th'eflamp 19,-

- with one another,

2 when the upper slots 25 and 26 of the disks comprising the shutter 17 are in-reglster and are operating tolal er portion enium cell, 26 in the disks comprising the shutter 22 will be in register to allow the rays to pass out therethrough from the lamp 19, so that when the two shut tors are workin in. synchrony, light rays will be passing t rough the shutter 22 from which will be in the same low the light" rays from the up shutters 23 and 24. Inolosedhousing is suitable gearing 36,-

of the line, hence, 'tions is passing through the electrical condue to the fact character,

i order and of the same strength as the rays 1 from the image passing through the shutter 17. And, as heretofore stated, owing to 1, the persistence of vision of the retina of the eye, the

rays from the lamp 19 will pass out in such rapid succession that the eye will retain them sufficiently long to buildup'an image therefrom; and as the rays are of the same strength and come in the same order as the rays emanating from the image, the image built up at the receiving station will be inform and shade effects the same as the image at the transmitting station. Thus it will be possible to reproduce scenes from life or images at a point distant from where they are located or occurring.

The device shown' in transmitting instrument 37 and a receiving instrument 38, which arearranged in sets so that the mechanism at each end of the line comprises strument.

Each of the transmitting instruments comprises a selenium cell 39, positioned in front of which is anenlarging lens 40 and a reducing lens 41; and between the lenses 40 and 41 is a shutter 42 similar .to the shutters 17 'and 22. Each of thereceiving instru-' ments comprises a lamp 43 and enlarging lenses 44, between which is positioned, i desired, a ground glass 45; and the receiving and transmitting instruments are connected by a suitable electrical circuit 46, the shut ters being revolved by synchronous motors 47, actuated from asuitable source of power 48. This device is adapted and can. be used,

if desired, in connection with a telephone system, so that in talking by telephone, the speaker is enabled to observe the person with whom he is talking. In this form of device I contemplate the use of a single shutter for the transmitting and receiving instrumentat each end of the line. And, as shown in Fig. 2, the shutters are revolving so that when re. s are passing from the image onto the se enium cell at one end of the line, they are passing out from the lamp at the other end a continual series of vibranection between the two stations, conveying the vibrations from the transmitting instrument at each of the stations to the .receiving instrument at each of the stations, and this will be possible without any interference of the current, because current will only be flowing in one direction at the same time,

that but one receiving instrument and one transmitting instrument at either end of the line will beoperating at the. same time.

It is, of course, necessary, in order to get theproper results in instruments of this that the two into proper relation to one another. It can beeasily determined when such relation is found by observing a transmitting and a receiving inthe image coming from Fig. 2 comprises a v shutters be brought 3 the receiving instruments, It the shutters are not in proper relation, the image will be nothing more than ablur, and before it can be distinctly seen, the shutters will' have to be in proper relation to bring the openings into the desired position. I, therefore, provide handles 48, which extend out from the shutters, and by turning these handles, the shutters can be revolved until they are brought into proper relation with one am other, the operator determining when such posit-ion has been reached by observing the completeness of the imagev reproduced by the receiving instrument. After the shuttershave been operated so as to be brought into proper relation with one another, the

- motors will then' operate them in synchrony,

so that no further manipulations are necessary. The operation of the device shown in Flg.

' 2 briefly is as follows: The shutters are first brought into proper relation with one another. Then, when such relation is effected, light rays will be emanating from the lamp at the receiving station in-the same order and of the same strength as those at the transmitting station at the opposite end of "the line, so. that the reproduction of an Image at one end ofthe line is constantly made at the other end of the .line, the principle of operation being the same as that of the device shown in Fig. 1.

' In order to obtain a complete picture'the mechanism can be so. ada ted as to obtain a plurality of exposures o the same image.

I claim: i 1. In a device of theuclass'described, the

' combination of a transmitting instrument and a receiving instrument, the transmitting instrument comprising a selenium cell and a shutter, the receiving lnstrument comprising a luminous center and a shutter means for operating-the shutters in synchrony with one another, each of the shutters comprising companion disks lying adjacent to one an"- other and rotated in opposite directions, one 'of the disks being provided with arcuate slots, and the other disk being provided with a plurality of slots extending in a stepped line outwardly from the center of the disk, adapted to register successively with the arcuate slots, and an electrical connection between the selenium cell and the luminous center, substantially as described.

2. In a device of the class described, the combination of transmitting instruments, each comprising a selenium cell anda shutter, receiving instruments,, eachcomprising a luminous center and a shutter, means for operating the shutters in synchrony with one another, each of the shutters comprising companion disks adjacent to one another and rotated in opposite directions, one of the disks being provided with arcuate slots,

andtheother disk being provided with a scribed.

provided with a It plurality of slots extending in a stepped line outwardly from the center of the diskand adapted to register successively with the arcuate slots, one of said transmitting instruments and one of said receiving instruments being located at each end of the line, and an electrical connection between the receiving instruments and transmitting instruments at opposite terminals of the line, substantially as described. r

3. In a device of the class described, the

combination, of a transmitting instrument and a receiving instrument, the transmitting instrument comprising a selenium cell and a shutter, the receiving lnstrument comprising a luminous center and a shutter, means for operating the shutters in synchrony with one another, each of the shutters being in the form of disks lying adjacent to one another and rotated in opposite directions, one of the of equal width and 'arranged in spiral ,85 shutters being provided with arcuate slots' stepped relation, and the other disk being 7 provided with a plurality of slots extending in a stepped line outwardly from the center of the disk and adapted 'to register successivelywith the arcuate slots, and an electrical connection between the selenium cell and the luminous center, substantially as'de- 4.111 a device of the class described, the

combination of transmitting instruments,

slots. of equal width and arranged in spiral stepped relation, and the'other disk being in a stepped line outwardly from thecenter of the disk and adapted to register successively with the arcuate slots, one of said transmitting instruments and one of said receiving instruments being located at each end of the line, and an electrical connection 'between the receiving instruments and transmitting instruments at opposite terminals of the line, substantially as'described.

5. In a device of the class described, the

plurality of slots extending combination of a transmitting instrument and a receiving instrument, the transmitting instrument comprising a selenium cell and a shutter, the receiving instrument comprising a luminous center and a shutter, means for operating with one another, each of the shutters being in the form of disks lying adjacent to one the shutters in: synchrony another and rotated in opposite directions,

one of the disks being provided with arcuate slots of equal width aifd arranged in spiral stepped relation, and the otherdi sk being provided with a plurality of slots extending in a stepped line outwardly from the benter of the disk,-mechanism operatively connected to the disks for revolving them at ditierent's'peeds, theratio of speed of, the disk having the stepped slots to the speedi'fof the disk having'the' 'arcuate slots being'as the number of slots'is to. one, and an electrical connection between the selenium cell and the luminous center, substan tially as described.

6. In a device of the class described, thecombination of a transmitting instrument and a receiving instrument, the transmitting instrument comprising a selenium ,cell and a shutter, the receiving instrumentcomprising aluminous center and a shutter, means for operating the shutters in synchrony with one another, each shuttercomprising companion disks lying adjacent to one another and rotated in opposite direction, and the other disk having a plurality of cuate elongated slots extending parallel with the circumference of the "disk, each of the slots being equal in width and arranged 'in a spiral stepped formation from the outer edge toward the center of the' disk,

and the other disk having a plurality ofslots of smaller area than the arcuate slots and extending in a stepped line outwardly from the center of the disk and adapted to register with the arcuate slots, mechanism operatively connected for rotating the two shutters, whereby the shutter having the stepped slots will make a complete revolution, while the shutter having the arcuate slots is moving a' distance sufficient to move I one of the arcuate slots past the field of vision, and an electrical connection between the selenium cell and the luminouscenter, substantially as described.

7. In a device of the class described, the combination of transmitting instruments, each comprising a selenium cell and a shutter, receiving instruments, eachcomprising a luminous center and a shutter, means for operating the shutters in synchrony with one another, each shutter comprising companion disks lying adjacent to one another and. rotated in oppositedirections,

one of the disks having a plurality of ar-- I cuate'elongated slots extending parallel with the circumference of the disk, each of the slots being equal in width and arranged in a spiral stepped formation from the outer edge toward the center of the disk, and the other disk having a plurality of slots of smaller areathan the arcuate slots and extending in a stepped line outwardly from the center of. thedisks and adapted to register ing a distance suflicient'to move 0 with the arcuate slots, 'mechanismoperatively connected for rotaifing the two shutters, whereby the shutter avlng the stepped *slots will make a complete-revolutiom-while the shutter having the arc late slots is movof the arcuate slots past the field of vision, one of said transmitting instruments and one of said receiving instruments being located at each end of the line, and an electrical connection between the receiving instruments and, transmitting instruments at opposite terminals of the line, substantially as described.

8. In a device of the class described, a"

shutter comprising companion disks lying adjacent to one another, ,mechanism opera tively connected for rotating said disks in speed, one of said disks being provided with a plurality of relatively elongated arcuate slots having their ends closely adjoining, said slots being spaced apartacross the surface of the disk to form the elements of a practically continpous spirally extending slot from the edge toward the center of the disk,'and each slot extending parallelrwith the outer periphery of the disk, and the 'opposite directions at different rates of other disk being provided with a plurality j of relatively contracted slots extending in a stepped line outwardly toward the circumference of the disk, each of the contracted slots being adapted to register with one of the arcuate slots when said slots are passing across a field of vision, the disk having the contracted slots rotating at a greater speed than the disk having the elongated slot-s, the ratio of speed being as the number of slots is to one, substantially asdescribed.

9. In a device oflthe class, described, a4

ing adapted to register one with the other,

substantially as described.

, GUSTAV E. HOGLUND.

Witnesses: WMVP. BOND, MARY R. Fxos'r. 

